
The "Covenant" of Pre-Qin: Agreements were carved on bamboo slips, with each party holding half, taking effect upon matching. Two thousand years later, smart contracts have recreated this ancient wisdom on the blockchain, executing it even more thoroughly: what is engraved is eternal, requiring no trust in anyone, as the code executes automatically.
The "Rune" of Northern Europe: Ancient people carved mysterious characters on stones and animal bones, firmly believing that once words were engraved into an eternal medium, they gained divine binding force and prophetic power. The Futhark runic alphabet has traversed millennia and still stands silently on the standing stones of Scandinavia today.